Pediatric Ophthalmology Glossary

Visual acuity test using four letters (H, O, T, V) designed for preschool children.

Refractive error where light focuses behind the retina, commonly called farsightedness, often accommodated in young chil...

Infant Aphakia Treatment Study, a major clinical trial comparing contact lens versus IOL treatment in infantile cataract...

A type of strabismus where the deviation varies with direction of gaze, indicating extraocular muscle weakness or restri...

Landmark clinical trial comparing intraocular lens implantation versus contact lens correction in infants with congenita...

Excessive function of the inferior oblique muscle causing upward eye movement in adduction, commonly seen in pediatric s...

A common form of outward eye deviation that occurs only part of the time, often triggered by fatigue, illness, or distan...

Specialized mathematical determination of intraocular lens power for children, accounting for ongoing eye growth and vis...

A condition where both eyes have similar refractive errors.

Chronic anterior uveitis occurring in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, requiring regular ophthalmologic scre...

Visual acuity test using four symbols (house, circle, square, apple) for young children.

White pupillary reflex in infants and children that may indicate serious ocular pathology requiring urgent evaluation.

Abnormal pupil response indicating optic nerve dysfunction, detected by the swinging flashlight test.

A small-angle strabismus, typically less than 5 prism diopters, often with central suppression scotoma and eccentric fix...

Consistent use of only one eye for fixation tasks, indicating significant functional difference between the eyes.

A refractive strategy where one eye is corrected for distance vision and the other for near vision, occasionally used in...

Blockage of the tear drainage system causing excessive tearing and discharge, common in newborns.

Involuntary, rhythmic eye movements that can be horizontal, vertical, or rotatory.

Treatment method using eye patches or other blocking devices to force use of the amblyopic eye and improve visual develo...

An abnormal head posture adopted to achieve single binocular vision or reduce diplopia in patients with ocular motility...

Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study, though primarily adult-focused, provides relevant data for pediatric glaucoma manag...

Non-surgical treatment methods for eye movement disorders and binocular vision problems.

A systematic three-step diagnostic protocol used to identify which extraocular muscle is causing a vertical deviation.

A structured treatment regimen specifying duration and frequency of occlusion therapy for amblyopia management.