Pediatric Ophthalmology Glossary

Difficulty reading letters surrounded by other letters despite ability to identify isolated letters of the same size.

Cortical Visual Impairment Severity Scale, a standardized assessment tool for cortical vision dysfunction in children.

A misalignment of the eyes involving rotation around the visual axis, either inward (incyclodeviation) or outward (excyc...

Cycloplegic agent commonly used in pediatric ophthalmology to temporarily paralyze accommodation for accurate refraction...

Temporary paralysis of the ciliary muscle to prevent accommodation during eye examination.

Refractive measurement performed after pharmacologic paralysis of accommodation to obtain accurate readings in children.

Rotational movement of the eye around its visual axis, measured in degrees of intorsion or extorsion.

Severe form of amblyopia with visual acuity of 20/200 or worse, typically associated with poor treatment prognosis.

Form of amblyopia caused by visual deprivation during critical period of development due to media opacity or severe ptos...

Unique type of eye misalignment where one eye drifts upward when visual input is reduced, often associated with infantil...

A congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder causing limited horizontal eye movement and globe retraction on adduction.

Monocular eye movement with the fellow eye covered or occluded.

Subjective refraction technique using red and green backgrounds to fine-tune spherical correction in cooperative childre...

A condition where the eye uses a retinal area other than the fovea for fixation, commonly seen in dense amblyopia.

Inward deviation of one or both eyes, a type of strabismus.

Clinical assessment to determine if a child consistently prefers to use one eye over the other for visual tasks.

Behavioral testing method using preferential looking to assess visual acuity and function in preverbal children.

A physical examination technique where the eye is manually moved to distinguish between restrictive and paralytic causes...

A clinical test where the patient attempts to move the eye while the examiner prevents movement, assessing muscle innerv...

Binocular visual process where the brain combines images from both eyes into a single, three-dimensional percept.

The maximum amount of convergence or divergence a patient can exert to maintain single binocular vision when tested with...

Formal recommendation for genetic evaluation when ocular findings suggest hereditary conditions affecting vision.

A manual kinetic visual field testing method using moving light stimuli to map the peripheral visual field boundaries.

Simple screening test for strabismus using corneal light reflexes to estimate the degree of eye misalignment in children...