Pediatric Pulmonology Glossary

Congenital heart defect where the pulmonary valve fails to develop properly, blocking blood flow from the right ventricl...

An acute worsening of respiratory symptoms and lung function beyond a patient's normal day-to-day variation, requiring a...

A group of tests measuring lung capacity, airflow, and gas exchange to assess respiratory function.

Underdevelopment of one or both lungs, resulting in reduced lung volume and alveolar number.

Condition where air leaks into the lung tissue spaces, particularly in premature infants on mechanical ventilation.

Rare genetic disorder affecting surfactant protein production, causing severe neonatal and childhood respiratory disease...

An infant lung function maneuver in which the lungs are inflated to a standardised pressure before a jacket rapidly comp...

Non-specific term describing reversible airway obstruction in children too young for definitive asthma diagnosis.

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal forced exhalation, which cannot be expelled voluntarily.

Condition primarily affecting premature infants caused by surfactant deficiency leading to alveolar collapse and respira...

A common viral infection causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children.

A surgical technique for congenital tracheal stenosis in which the stenotic segment is divided transversely at its midpo...

Pulmonary function test measuring lung volumes and airflow rates, requiring patient cooperation and typically performed...

High-pitched, harsh respiratory sound caused by turbulent airflow through narrowed airways, indicating potential airway...

Narrowing of the airway below the vocal cords, either congenital or acquired, causing stridor and breathing difficulties...

A condition in premature infants where insufficient lung surfactant leads to respiratory distress syndrome.

The gold-standard diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis, measuring the concentration of chloride ions in sweat collected b...

Abnormally rapid breathing rate exceeding age-appropriate normal values.

The maximum volume of air the lungs can contain after a maximal inspiratory effort, encompassing all lung subdivisions.

A rare, usually fatal congenital anomaly in which the trachea is absent or severely underdeveloped, typically associated...

A physical examination finding in which the trachea is displaced laterally from the midline, indicating underlying media...

Abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus, often congenital, requiring surgical intervention in neonates.

A condition where tracheal cartilage is soft and floppy, causing airway collapse during breathing.

Surgical procedure creating an opening in the anterior neck to establish a direct airway through the trachea.