corrected gestational age
The age a premature infant would be if they had been born at full term, calculated by subtracting the weeks of prematurity from the chronological age.
periventricular echogenicity
Increased brightness on cranial ultrasound around brain ventricles, indicating potential white matter injury or hemorrha...
periventricular leukomalacia
Brain injury in premature infants characterized by white matter damage around the ventricles, often leading to cerebral...
phenylketonuria
Inherited metabolic disorder affecting the body's ability to process the amino acid phenylalanine.
phimosis
Inability to retract the foreskin over the glans penis, which may be physiological in young boys or pathological requiri...
posterior urethral valves
Congenital obstructive tissue folds in the male posterior urethra that impede urine flow, potentially causing kidney dam...
pyloric stenosis
A condition in infants where the muscle surrounding the pylorus (outlet of the stomach) becomes abnormally thick, blocki...
RDS
A breathing disorder primarily affecting premature newborns caused by insufficient production of surfactant in the lungs...
respiratory distress
Signs of labored or inadequate breathing requiring immediate medical assessment and intervention.
retinopathy of prematurity
An eye disorder affecting premature infants where abnormal blood vessels develop in the retina, potentially leading to v...
RSV
Respiratory Syncytial Virus, a common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children.
spina bifida
Congenital neural tube defect where the spine and spinal cord do not form properly during fetal development.
stridor
High-pitched breathing sound indicating upper airway obstruction, requiring urgent evaluation in pediatric patients.
suprapubic catheter
Surgical drainage tube inserted directly through the abdominal wall into the bladder, bypassing the urethra for urinary...
supraventricular tachycardia
Abnormally fast heart rhythm originating above the ventricles, commonly presenting in infants with feeding difficulties...
surfactant
A substance produced by the lungs that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing lung collapse and facilitating...
syndactyly
Congenital fusion of two or more digits, commonly affecting fingers or toes.
syndromic craniosynostosis
Premature fusion of skull sutures associated with genetic syndromes, often involving multiple sutures and requiring mult...
tachypnea
Abnormally rapid breathing rate in infants and children, often indicating respiratory distress or systemic illness.
Tanner staging
Standardized system for assessing physical sexual development during puberty in children and adolescents.
TORCH infections
Group of congenital infections that can cause severe fetal and neonatal complications.
torticollis
Abnormal positioning of the head and neck due to muscle contracture or neurological causes.
transient tachypnea of the newborn
Self-limiting respiratory condition in newborns caused by delayed clearance of lung fluid.
transposition of great arteries
Critical congenital heart defect where the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched, creating separate parallel circulato...
trisomy 21
Chromosomal condition causing Down syndrome, characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21.