corrected gestational age
The age a premature infant would be if they had been born at full term, calculated by subtracting the weeks of prematurity from the chronological age.
intraosseous access
Emergency vascular access technique using needle insertion into bone marrow for fluid and medication administration when...
intraventricular hemorrhage
Bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, primarily affecting premature infants and potentially causing long-term ne...
intussusception
Telescoping of one segment of intestine into another, creating a surgical emergency most common in infants and toddlers.
Kawasaki disease
Acute febrile illness causing vasculitis in children, with potential cardiac complications including coronary artery ane...
kernicterus
Severe form of brain damage caused by extremely high levels of bilirubin in newborns.
laryngomalacia
Congenital softening of laryngeal cartilage causing inspiratory stridor and breathing difficulties, the most common caus...
macrocephaly
Abnormally large head circumference, typically defined as greater than the 97th percentile for age and sex.
macrosomia
Condition of newborns with birth weight exceeding normal ranges, typically above 4000 or 4500 grams.
meconium aspiration syndrome
Respiratory condition occurring when a newborn inhales meconium-stained amniotic fluid, potentially causing severe lung...
meningomyelocele
Severe form of spina bifida where spinal cord and meninges protrude through a vertebral defect.
metatarsus adductus
A common foot deformity in newborns where the front part of the foot turns inward, often resolving without treatment.
microcephaly
Abnormally small head circumference, typically below the 3rd percentile for age and sex.
murmur
Heart sound caused by turbulent blood flow, classified as innocent or pathologic in pediatric patients.
necrotizing enterocolitis
Serious gastrointestinal condition primarily affecting premature infants, characterized by inflammation and tissue death...
necrotizing fasciitis
A rare but serious bacterial infection causing rapid destruction of skin and soft tissue, requiring emergency surgical i...
neonatal abstinence syndrome
A constellation of withdrawal symptoms in newborns exposed to addictive substances in utero, requiring specialized monit...
neonatal hypoglycemia
Abnormally low blood glucose levels in newborns, requiring careful monitoring and intervention to prevent neurological d...
neonatal intensive care unit
A specialized hospital unit providing intensive medical care for critically ill newborns, particularly premature infants...
omphalocele
Congenital abdominal wall defect where intestines protrude through the umbilical cord base, covered by a membrane.
otitis media
Inflammation of the middle ear, commonly occurring in children and often requiring antibiotic treatment.
patent ductus arteriosus
A congenital heart defect where the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth, causing abnormal blood flow between ma...
PDA
A congenital heart defect where the ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel that bypasses the lungs during fetal development,...
percentile
Statistical measure showing what percentage of children fall below a particular measurement on standardized growth chart...
periorbital cellulitis
Bacterial infection of the eyelid and surrounding tissues that does not involve the orbital contents, requiring differen...