Precision Oncology Glossary

Systematic tracking of molecular changes that indicate developing treatment resistance in cancer patients.

A molecular weakness in cancer cells that can be exploited by targeted therapies, often resulting from genetic dependenc...

An analysis identifying specific molecular dependencies that can be exploited for targeted cancer treatment.

An evaluation of the dose range where a targeted therapy provides benefit without unacceptable toxicity.

Regulatory authorization for cancer therapeutics based on specific biomarkers regardless of tumor anatomical origin or h...

A tumor classification indicating high mutation burden that predicts response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

The ability of cancer cells to evade immune surveillance or therapeutic intervention through genetic, epigenetic, or mic...

Molecular pathways by which cancer cells evade therapeutic intervention or immune surveillance.

Longitudinal monitoring of genetic changes in tumors over time to understand progression and resistance mechanisms.

The overall burden of genetic alterations in a tumor, including point mutations, structural variants, and chromosomal ab...

Comprehensive molecular characterization of all genetic alterations present within a tumor sample.

The genetic and phenotypic diversity within and between tumor samples from the same patient.

A comprehensive analysis of immune cell infiltration and activity within the tumor tissue.

The cellular and molecular ecosystem surrounding cancer cells, including immune cells, stromal cells, blood vessels, and...

Systematic categorization of cancers based on genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic characteristics rather than histolo...

A comprehensive analysis of genetic, epigenetic, and protein alterations present in a cancer specimen to guide treatment...

The total number of mutations per megabase of DNA in a tumor sample, used to predict immunotherapy response.

A tumor classification with fewer than 10 mutations per megabase, typically associated with reduced immunotherapy effica...

Comprehensive molecular analysis of cancer tissue to identify actionable genetic alterations for treatment selection.

The percentage of cancer cells relative to normal cells in a tissue sample. Essential metric for interpreting genomic te...

A gene whose normal function prevents uncontrolled cell growth and whose inactivation contributes to cancer development.

Treatment approach based on specific biomarkers regardless of the cancer's primary anatomical site.

Immune cells that have migrated into tumor tissue, serving as biomarkers for immune response and potential predictors of...

Matched tissue samples from the same patient including both cancerous tissue and adjacent normal tissue, used to disting...