Neuroimmunology Glossary

A wave of neuronal and glial depolarization that propagates across cortical tissue, often triggering neuroinflammatory r...

Microscopic examination of cerebrospinal fluid cells to detect abnormal or malignant cells.

The ratio of cerebrospinal fluid glucose to simultaneous serum glucose, used to assess CNS metabolism and infection.

Immunoglobulin bands present in cerebrospinal fluid but absent in serum, indicating local CNS antibody production.

A B-cell-attracting chemokine elevated in cerebrospinal fluid during active neuroinflammation.

Excessive inflammatory response characterized by overproduction of inflammatory mediators, seen in severe neuroimmunolog...

Damage-associated molecular patterns released by injured CNS cells that trigger sterile neuroinflammation through patter...

Characteristic ovoid lesions perpendicular to ventricles on MRI, pathognomonic for multiple sclerosis.

Loss of myelin sheath around nerve fibers, a key pathological process in many neuroimmunological disorders.

DNA nicking and tailing assay used to detect apoptotic cell death in neuroinflammatory conditions.

Expanded Disability Status Scale used to quantify disability progression in multiple sclerosis patients.

Simultaneous inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, often immune-mediated.

The progressive immune recognition of new self-antigens during chronic autoimmune disease.

An animal model of multiple sclerosis induced by immunization with CNS antigens.

An oral sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator used as disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis.

MRI sequence that suppresses cerebrospinal fluid signal to better visualize periventricular lesions in neuroimmunologica...

Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI sequence that suppresses CSF signal to highlight periventricular lesions.

Contrast agent uptake on MRI indicating blood-brain barrier breakdown and active inflammation in neuroimmunological dise...

Brain-wide clearance pathway that removes metabolic waste and facilitates CSF-interstitial fluid exchange during sleep.

Human leukocyte antigen gene strongly associated with multiple sclerosis susceptibility and disease course.

A calculated ratio that determines whether elevated CSF immunoglobulin G represents local CNS synthesis or systemic leak...

Unique immunological status of the CNS that limits inflammatory responses to protect neural tissue.

Age-related decline in immune system function affecting both innate and adaptive immunity.

The assembly and triggering of multiprotein complexes that process inflammatory cytokines in response to cellular stress...