Neuroimmunology Glossary

Local production of antibodies within the central nervous system, indicating active immune response behind the blood-bra...

Local production of antibodies within the central nervous system, detected through CSF analysis.

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, a paradoxical worsening of neurological symptoms following immune system re...

Polyomavirus that causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in immunosuppressed patients, particularly those on...

Immunoglobulin light chains in cerebrospinal fluid that serve as biomarkers for intrathecal B-cell activity.

Abnormal gadolinium uptake in the thin membrane layers covering the brain and spinal cord, indicating inflammation or ma...

The regulated movement of white blood cells from circulation into CNS tissue through blood-brain barrier checkpoints.

Inherited disorder affecting white matter development and maintenance, distinct from acquired inflammatory demyelination...

Flow cytometric characterization of T-cell and B-cell populations in blood or cerebrospinal fluid samples.

Elevated lymphocyte count in cerebrospinal fluid indicating CNS inflammation in neuroimmunological disorders.

Acute, rapidly progressive form of multiple sclerosis with severe inflammation and poor prognosis.

The process by which resident brain immune cells become inflammatory and phagocytic in response to CNS injury or disease...

A state of enhanced microglial reactivity that predisposes to exaggerated inflammatory responses upon subsequent stimula...

Immunosuppressive chemotherapy agent used in aggressive multiple sclerosis, with significant cardiotoxicity risk.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, a surface protein of myelin sheaths targeted in certain autoimmune CNS diseases.

Antibodies targeting myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, associated with a distinct demyelinating syndrome.

The process by which foreign antigens share structural similarities with self-antigens, triggering autoimmune responses.

A protein component of myelin sheaths used as a biomarker for demyelinating diseases and CNS damage.

The property of substances or immune processes that cause direct damage to myelin sheaths.

Monoclonal antibody therapy that prevents immune cell migration across the blood-brain barrier, used in multiple scleros...

A protein biomarker released from damaged neurons that indicates axonal injury in neurological diseases.

Inflammatory response initiated and maintained by the nervous system through neuropeptide release and neural signaling.

Inflammatory response within the central nervous system involving activation of resident immune cells and peripheral imm...

An autoimmune CNS disease characterized by severe optic neuritis and myelitis, often with AQP4 antibodies.