Neuroimmunology Glossary

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, a monophasic inflammatory demyelinating disease typically following infection or v...

Anti-endothelial cell antibodies that target vascular endothelium and can cause blood-brain barrier dysfunction.

A humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD52 used for treating aggressive multiple sclerosis.

Autoantibodies targeting aquaporin-4 water channels, pathognomonic for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Autoimmune encephalitis caused by antibodies against NMDA glutamate receptors, typically presenting with psychiatric sym...

Water channel protein targeted by antibodies in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

A type of brain tumor arising from astrocytes, potentially triggering paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.

Reactive proliferation and hypertrophy of astrocytes in response to CNS injury or inflammation.

Brain inflammation caused by antibodies targeting neural antigens, requiring immunosuppressive treatment.

Bidirectional movement of cellular components along nerve fibers, disrupted in neuroinflammatory conditions.

Treatment approach using monoclonal antibodies to eliminate B-cells from circulation and tissues.

A CSF biomarker ratio used to assess blood-brain barrier integrity and intrathecal inflammation in neuroinflammatory dis...

A selective barrier that controls which substances can pass from blood into brain tissue, critical in neuroimmunological...

Process by which autoreactive immune cells are eliminated during development in primary lymphoid organs.

A neuroimaging finding where MS lesions show a central vein on susceptibility-weighted imaging.

Inflammation of the choroid plexus, often associated with systemic autoimmune or infectious conditions.

Specialized brain regions lacking a typical blood-brain barrier, serving as interfaces between the CNS and systemic circ...

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids.

The segregation of immune responses within different anatomical regions of the central nervous system.

Central nervous system immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome occurring in immunocompromised patients.

Central nervous system posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, characterized by vasogenic edema and neurological s...

The cascade of immune proteins that cause cell lysis and inflammation, important in neuroimmunological diseases.

A sequential enzymatic pathway of immune proteins that can cause CNS tissue damage when dysregulated.

Demyelinating lesions affecting the cerebral cortex that are increasingly recognized in multiple sclerosis.