Cardiovascular Prevention Glossary

Influential trial proving cardiovascular benefits of ramipril in high-risk patients without heart failure.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker used for cardiovascular risk assessment.

Elevated triglyceride levels in the blood, typically defined as triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL.

Purified EPA omega-3 fatty acid medication used to reduce cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with elevated trig...

Clinical study proving additional cardiovascular benefit of adding ezetimibe to statin therapy.

A small interfering RNA therapy that reduces PCSK9 production, administered by injection twice yearly.

Pivotal study demonstrating statin benefits in patients with normal LDL but elevated hs-CRP.

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement, primary target for cardiovascular risk reduction therapy.

Number of circulating lipoprotein particles measured by advanced lipid testing. May provide superior cardiovascular risk...

The combination of low HDL cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, and small dense LDL particles that characterizes atherog...

Sequential approach to lipid management, typically starting with statins and adding agents based on response and risk. G...

A genetic variant of LDL containing apolipoprotein(a), associated with increased cardiovascular risk when elevated.

Major adverse cardiovascular events, a composite endpoint used in clinical trials and outcomes research.

Expanded composite cardiovascular outcomes including traditional MACE plus additional clinically relevant events. Used t...

A cardiovascular risk prediction tool that incorporates coronary artery calcium scoring with traditional risk factors.

A cluster of conditions including central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia that increase card...

Muscle pain, a common side effect of statin therapy that may indicate statin-associated muscle symptoms.

A nuclear medicine test that evaluates blood flow to heart muscle using radioactive tracers during rest and stress condi...

Number needed to treat; indicates how many patients must receive an intervention to prevent one adverse outcome.

Total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol, representing all atherogenic lipoproteins including LDL, VLDL, and remnants.

Statistical measure showing how many patients must receive treatment to prevent one adverse outcome.

Protein enzyme that regulates LDL receptor degradation and cholesterol metabolism.

Injectable cholesterol-lowering medication class reserved for high-risk patients inadequately controlled with statins.

The reduction in size or density of atherosclerotic plaques through therapeutic intervention.