Neuroimmunology Glossary

Neurological manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis involving granulomatous inflammation of nervous system structures.

A virus with specific affinity for nervous system tissue, often triggering immune-mediated CNS complications.

Preferential targeting of nervous system tissue by pathogens, often leading to neuroinflammatory disease.

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, a glutamate receptor critical for synaptic plasticity and memory formation.

A humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved for both relapsing and primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Distinct protein bands found in cerebrospinal fluid electrophoresis, indicating intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis in...

Inflammatory demyelination of the optic nerve, often the presenting symptom of multiple sclerosis.

Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections, involving sudden onset of OCD...

MS lesions with iron-laden activated microglia at their borders, visible on susceptibility-weighted MRI.

Autoimmune inflammation of limbic brain structures triggered by underlying malignancy, causing memory loss and behaviora...

Immune-mediated neurological disorder caused by cancer but not due to direct tumor invasion or metastasis.

Neurological dysfunction caused by immune response to cancer, not direct tumor effects.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from blood samples for immunological research.

Fluid accumulation surrounding inflammatory brain lesions, visible on MRI imaging.

Histopathological finding characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration around blood vessels in the CNS.

Progression independent of relapse activity in multiple sclerosis, representing disability accumulation without clinical...

Plasma exchange therapy used to remove pathogenic antibodies in severe neuroinflammatory conditions.

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome occurring in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients after immun...

Incidental MRI findings suggestive of multiple sclerosis in asymptomatic individuals.

A monoclonal antibody targeting CD20-positive B cells used in neuroimmunological conditions.

A proposed MS phenotype characterized by ongoing tissue damage without evident clinical relapses or new MRI lesions.

Autoimmune microangiopathy affecting brain, retina, and inner ear, causing the classic triad of encephalopathy, branch r...

Bright signal appearance on T2-weighted MRI sequences indicating tissue abnormalities in neuroimmunological conditions.

T-helper 1 cells that produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and promote cell-mediated immunity in CNS inflammation.