Clinical Neurology Glossary

A highly malignant primary brain tumor, the most aggressive form of glioma, commonly abbreviated as GBM.

Proliferation of glial cells in response to central nervous system injury or disease.

Loss of vision in half the visual field, typically indicating damage to the visual pathways posterior to the optic chias...

Progressive wasting or diminished development of structures on one side of the body or brain.

A neuropsychological condition where patients fail to attend to or respond to stimuli on one side of space, typically th...

Complete paralysis of one side of the body, typically following stroke or brain injury.

Surgical procedure involving the removal or disconnection of one cerebral hemisphere, typically performed for severe, in...

A condition characterized by excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain's ventricular system.

Abnormally increased or overactive deep tendon reflexes, typically indicating upper motor neuron dysfunction.

Relating to or occurring during a seizure episode.

A motor planning disorder where patients understand tasks but cannot execute learned movements on command despite intact...

Referring to the period between seizures in patients with epilepsy, when no obvious seizure activity is occurring.

The pressure inside the skull, commonly abbreviated as ICP, critical for monitoring neurological patients.

Brain tissue surrounding an infarct core that is hypoperfused but potentially salvageable with prompt reperfusion therap...

Clinical sign of meningeal irritation where passive knee extension with hip flexed at 90 degrees elicits pain and resist...

Progressive increase in seizure susceptibility following repeated subthreshold electrical or chemical stimulation of bra...

Diffuse white matter changes seen on brain imaging, typically associated with small vessel disease and aging.

Procedure to collect cerebrospinal fluid by inserting a needle into the spinal canal.

Advanced neuroimaging technique using magnetic fields and radio waves, universally abbreviated as MRI in clinical practi...

Neurons that fire both when performing an action and when observing another individual perform the same action.

A chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, commonly abbreviated as MS in clinical documen...

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder causing fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigue.

Brief, sudden, involuntary muscle contractions that can affect any part of the body.

Electrodiagnostic test measuring the speed and strength of electrical signals in peripheral nerves, abbreviated as NCS.