Cardiometabolic Medicine Glossary

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic medication that mimics incretin hormones.

G-protein coupled receptor that mediates effects of incretin hormones on glucose homeostasis.

The metabolic process by which the liver and other organs synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, contribut...

The harmful effects of chronic hyperglycemia on pancreatic beta cells and peripheral tissues.

Significant deviations from target glucose range, particularly post-meal glucose spikes measured by continuous monitorin...

Persistent benefits of early good glucose control that continue despite later deterioration in glycemic control.

The fluctuation in blood glucose levels over time, measured through metrics that assess the amplitude and frequency of g...

Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score, used to predict mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes...

Glycated hemoglobin test measuring average blood glucose levels over 2-3 months.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, increasingly recognized in patients with metabolic disorders. Characteri...

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, a specific type of heart failure common in diabetic patients. Distinguishe...

Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, a mathematical model used to quantify insulin resistance and beta-ce...

An index derived from fasting glucose and insulin levels to assess pancreatic beta-cell function in diabetes research an...

Research technique maintaining elevated blood glucose at predetermined levels to assess insulin secretory capacity.

The persistent harmful effects of past poor glucose control on diabetic complications.

Elevated blood insulin levels, typically resulting from insulin resistance and serving as an early marker of metabolic d...

A serious diabetic emergency characterized by severe hyperglycemia, hyperosmolality, and dehydration without significant...

A class of diabetes medications that mimic or enhance the action of incretin hormones to improve glucose control through...

Reduced cellular response to insulin, leading to impaired glucose uptake and metabolism.

Pivotal cardiovascular outcomes trial that demonstrated cardiovascular benefits of liraglutide in type 2 diabetes.

An index combining waist circumference and triglyceride levels to assess lipid over-accumulation, particularly useful in...

A disorder characterized by abnormal distribution or absence of adipose tissue, often leading to severe insulin resistan...

Direct measurement of the actual number of lipoprotein particles, providing different risk information than cholesterol...

Atherogenic lipoprotein particle strongly associated with cardiovascular disease risk.