Pediatric Oncology Glossary

The initial phase of cancer treatment designed to achieve complete remission by rapidly reducing tumor burden.

Global classification system for neuroblastoma risk stratification based on clinical and biological factors.

International Neuroblastoma Staging System, a classification system for neuroblastoma based on surgical findings.

A treatment phase using high-dose chemotherapy to eliminate residual cancer cells after achieving initial remission.

Direct administration of anticancer drugs into the cerebrospinal fluid via lumbar puncture or Ommaya reservoir.

Differentiation agent used in neuroblastoma maintenance therapy to promote tumor cell maturation.

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, a rare myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disorder specific to children.

A performance status scale specifically designed for children under 16 years, used to assess functional capability in pe...

Long-term complications and sequelae that develop months to years after completion of pediatric cancer treatment.

An immature lymphoid cell that is the defining cell type in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Myelodysplastic syndrome, a group of bone marrow disorders that can occur as therapy-related complications in pediatric...

Large mediastinal lymph node masses that require specific treatment considerations in pediatric lymphomas.

A tumor located in the central chest cavity, often presenting with respiratory symptoms and superior vena cava syndrome...

A rare brain tumor arising from primitive medullary epithelium, primarily occurring in young children.

Nuclear medicine imaging study using radiotracer to detect neuroblastoma and other neuroendocrine tumors.

Cancer cells that remain in the body after treatment but are undetectable by standard microscopic examination.

Histologic measure of cell division and death rates used in neuroblastoma prognostic assessment.

Minimal residual disease, the small number of cancer cells remaining after treatment that cannot be detected by standard...

Inflammation and ulceration of mucous membranes, commonly occurring as a side effect of chemotherapy and radiation thera...

Genetic alteration involving multiple copies of the MYCN oncogene, associated with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma.

A proto-oncogene whose amplification is a critical prognostic marker in neuroblastoma, associated with aggressive tumor...

A solid tumor arising from neural crest cells, most commonly occurring in infants and young children.

Serum biomarker elevated in neuroblastoma and other neuroendocrine tumors.

A primary bone cancer that predominantly affects children and adolescents, most commonly occurring in the metaphyses of...